Category ZO L24 Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny of the Family Alligatoridae

Abstract Despite the prevalence and importance of the family Alligatoridae

throughout the Americas and China, few large-scale studies including

most taxa at the species and subspecies levels have been conducted.

Due to conflicts between genetic and morphological characterizations and

a lack of resolution in studies of phylogenetic relationships, the

systematics of the family remain ambiguous. In this study, we constructed

a complete phylogeny of almost all taxa within Alligatoridae using

mitochondrial DNA sequences from cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 and

cytochrome b in order to resolve these ambiguities. We used sequences

of DNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from individuals of

the species Caiman latirostris, C. yacare, Melanosuchus niger,

Paleosuchus palpebrosus, and P. trigonatus, and many sequences from

NCBI, to construct high-resolution maximum likelihood and Bayesian

inference trees, and calculate percent divergences for each gene. Our

results were generally consistent with currently accepted taxonomies, but

with many additional findings. We found evidence that the C. latirostris

lineage diverged from Caiman soon after the divergence of Caiman from its

common ancestor with Melanosuchus, suggesting that M. niger may be

more closely related to C. latirostris than to other members of Caiman.

Individuals highly divergent from their species were identified in both C.

latirostris and P. trigonatus, which may represent distinct evolutionary

lineages. We also found support for indications of hybridization between

C. c. chiapasius and C. c. fuscus in northern Mesoamerica and confirm a

specific clade of C. c. crocodilus identified by Venegas-Anaya et al.

(2008) as being worthy of special conservation concern. Finally, we

found evidence for possible admixture between C. crocodilus and C.

yacare and indications that relations between them are highly complex. We

advocate further research in alligatorid systematics using techniques

such as microsatellites, and support efforts toward the conservation and

sustainable management of crocodilians.

Bibliography Ross JP. 1998. In: Ross JP, editor. Status survey and conservation action

plan: revised action plan for crocodiles. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN-The

World Conservation Union. World Wide Web Edition

<http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/herpetology/CROCS/CSGpublications.ht>.
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